15/05/2026
Obesity

Classification of Obesity: What Does Each Type Mean?

The most widespread epidemic of the modern age… Obesity! It is not simply being “overweight”; it is a chronic disease that disrupts the body’s balance in many ways and negatively affects quality of life.

Today, advances in modern medicine have introduced different approaches to evaluating obesity. When diagnosing that, specialists consider not only weight, but also fat distribution, health risks, and accompanying diseases.

As diagnostic criterias evolved, obesity divided into subcategories. Today, obesity is diagnosed and treated according to different classes and types.

How Is Obesity Classified?

The most common method for classifying obesity is the Body Mass Index (BMI). Another important method is based on fat distribution.

Obesity Classification According to BMI

BMI is calculated by dividing a person’s weight by the square of the height in meters. According to globally accepted classifications:

BMI Value	Classification
18.5 – 24.9	Normal weight
25 – 29.9	Overweight
30 – 34.9	Class 1 Obesity
35 – 39.9	Class 2 Obesity
40 and above	Class 3 Obesity (Morbid Obesity)

Some sources also define additional categories for more advanced levels of obesity:

-> BMI above 50: Super Obesity

-> BMI above 60: Super Super Obesity

Types of Obesity According to Fat Distribution

Another important approach focuses on where the fat is stored. Certain fat distribution patterns can significantly increase metabolic risks.

Apple-Shaped Obesity (Central Obesity)

In this type, fat accumulation is concentrated in the upper body. Especially around the waist, abdomen, and chest area.

Because of the high amount of abdominal fat, this type is considered dangerous in terms of diabetes, insulin resistance, and heart disease. Researchs suggest that it is commonly seen in men.

Pear-Shaped Obesity

In this type, fat accumulation is concentrated in the lower body. Particularly around the hips, thighs, and legs.

Although metabolic risks are generally lower compared to apple-shaped obesity, it may still lead to joint and mobility problems. Studies show that this type is more common in women.

Why Is BMI Alone Not Enough?

Although BMI is a practical measurement tool, it may not always accurately reflect a person’s actual health condition. For example, athletes with high muscle mass may have a high BMI despite having low body fat.

For this reason, doctors also consider about waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, presence of metabolic diseases, and quality of life and physical limitations.

What Does Morbid Obesity Mean?

Morbid obesity generally refers where BMI is above 40. At this stage, obesity can lead to serious health complications.

Risks associated with morbid obesity include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases, sleep apnea, fatty liver disease, and limited mobility. Patients also struggle with accompanying psychological challenges.

Hence, a multidisciplinary approach and physician supervision are extremely important in advanced obesity cases.

Don’t Wait to Begin Your Journey! Dr. Mahmut Dogan and His Team Are Here for You…

Obesity is not a one-dimensional disease. A person’s BMI, fat distribution, and accompanying health conditions determine the type and severity of obesity. Therefore, proper classification plays a critical role in creating a personalized treatment plan.

Early lifestyle changes, regular follow-ups, and professional support provide significant advantages in preventing obesity from progressing.

Throughout this process, we create a personalized health plan tailored to your needs and support you every step of the way in your fight against obesity. From pre-operative preparation to post-operative follow-up, we are with you at every stage. Contact us for more information.

References

World Obesity Federation – Obesity Classification

Obesity Awareness Association – What Are the Types of Obesity?

World Health Organization – Obesity and Overweight